Linguistics
Rouhollah Yaghoubi; Ferdows Aghagolzadeh
Volume 14, Issue 3 , December 2022, , Pages 1-26
Abstract
The present research aims to describe and analyze the Interpersonal Grammatical Metaphors of Mood in the listening module of TOEFL official books, in the framework of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG). It attempts to ascertain an answer to the following question: “To what extent has TOEFL been ...
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The present research aims to describe and analyze the Interpersonal Grammatical Metaphors of Mood in the listening module of TOEFL official books, in the framework of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG). It attempts to ascertain an answer to the following question: “To what extent has TOEFL been able to benefit from Mood Grammatical Metaphor as a primary concept in Functional Linguistics?”, as we know it is a communicative-based approach to study languages, and it claims that Grammatical Metaphor is a trait of scientific texts. The research method was based on qualitative content analysis, and documentary method of data collection was employed. In this regard, three official TOEFL iBT books, including a total of fourteen tests were selected. The listening module of each test entails six texts in the form of conversations and lectures. First, each clause of the total of 84 texts was identified and examined separately. Then, Mood Grammatical Metaphors were extracted from each text and compared in terms of the type and frequency. The findings indicated that: 1. there was a higher frequency of Mood Metaphors in the conversation texts than in the lecture texts of the listening module, 2. In terms of the types of Mood Grammatical Metaphors, the use of the indicative and interrogative moods, which were the metaphorical representation of imperative clauses, had the highest frequency compared to other types of Mood Grammatical Metaphors, respectively. It can be said that Face Saving and Politeness strategies cause individuals to avoid using the imperative mood. It is crucial to raise awareness of the Grammatical Metaphor concept and use its explicit instruction teaching so that it can help language learners improve their communicative competence and achieve better results in scientific text comprehension.
Ferdows Aqa Gol Zadeh; Aliyeh Kord-e Zafaranlu Kambuziya; Eftekhar Sadat Tehrani
Volume 2, Issue 3 , October 2010
Abstract
In this paper, the writers try to define and describe the formulaic speech in Farsi. Formulaic speech is a term used in theoretical and descriptive studies of grammar to refer to utterances which lack normal syntactic or morphological characteristics. The method of the research is based on documentary ...
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In this paper, the writers try to define and describe the formulaic speech in Farsi. Formulaic speech is a term used in theoretical and descriptive studies of grammar to refer to utterances which lack normal syntactic or morphological characteristics. The method of the research is based on documentary and field work. One hundred Farsi formulaic speeches which are most popular among Farsi native speakers were chosen and two questionnaire, each one including 50 formulaic speeches and some questions, were prepared and answered by 200 Farsi speakers. Formulaic speeches are represented in Farsi as proverbs, expression/idioms and phatics. Analyzing the answers given to the questionnaires indicates that age, gender and level of education can be considered as the effective factors for using some of Formulaic speeches while for other formalic speeches no remarkable differences were observed.
